Ge. Osborne et Np. Chandler, SIMULATED RESORPTIVE DEFECTS AND OPEN APICES USING BOVINE AND HUMAN TEETH AS TEACHING MODELS, International endodontic journal, 28(2), 1995, pp. 111-113
An 'open apex' model for teaching obturation techniques in a very wide
root canal has been developed using bovine deciduous incisors which a
re soon to be exfoliated. Extracted human teeth may also be modified i
n a variety of ways to simulate resorptive defects, Both may be combin
ed with existing models to allow use in a phantom head or be mounted i
n materials to mimic the radiographic appearance of bone.