HAPLOTYPES AND MUTATIONS IN WILSON DISEASE

Wilson disease is a disorder of copper transport, resulting in neurolo gical and hepatic damage due to copper toxicity. We have recently iden tified >20 mutations in the copper-transporting ATPase defective in th is disease. Given the difficulties of searching for mutations in a gen e spanning >80 kb of genomic DNA, haplotype data are important as a gu ide to mutation detection. Here we examine the haplotypes associated w ith specific mutations. We have extended previous studies of DNA haplo types of dinucleotide-repeat polymorphisms (CA repeats) in the Wilson disease region to include an additional marker, in 58 families. These haplotypes, combining three markers (D13S314, D13S316, and D13S301), a re usually specific for each different mutation, even though highly po lymorphic CA repeat markers have been used. Haplotypes, as well as the ir accompanying mutations, differ between populations, In the patients whom we have studied, the haplotype data indicate that as many as 20 mutations may still be unidentified. The use of the haplotypes that we have identified provides an important guide for the identification of known mutations and can facilitate future mutation searches.