SEMIVOLATILE AND PARTICULATE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE - CLEANUP, SPECIATION, AND EMISSION FACTORS

Studies of phase distributions and emission factors for polycyclic aro matic hydrocarbons (PAH) in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) require collection and analysis of very small samples. To achieve the necessar y selectivity and sensitivity, a method has been devised and tested fo r extraction and cleanup of gas- and particulate-phase ETS samples. Ga s-phase species were trapped by polymeric sorbents, and particles were trapped on filters. The samples were extracted with hot cyclohexane, concentrated, and passed through silica solid-phase extraction columns for cleanup. After solvent change, the PAH were determined by high-pe rformance liquid chromatography with two programmed fluorescence detec tors. PAH concentrations in 15-mg aliquots of National Institute of St andards and Technology Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1649 (urban d ust/organics) agreed well with published values. Relative precision at the 95% confidence level was 8% for SRM 1649 and 20% for replicate sa mples (5 mg) of ETS particles. Emission factors have been measured for a range of gas- and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s in ETS. The emission factors per cigarette were 13.0 +/- 0.5 mg of p articulate matter, 11.2 +/- 0.9 mu g for gas-phase naphthalene, and 74 +/- 10 ng for particulate benzo[a]pyrene.