MANGANESE AS AN INDICATOR OF CARBONATE FORMATION CONDITIONS AT THE MASSIVE SULFIDE CU-ZN DEPOSITS IN THE SOUTHERN URALS (RUSSIA)

In paleohydrothermal fields of copper-zinc deposits, carbonates belong to three facies: vein, benthonic-metasomatic, and organosedimentary. They were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray and thermo stimulated luminescence, and IR-spectroscopy and X-ray structural anal ysis. The crystal chemical features of the isomorphic structural ion M n2+ as a typomorphic element of sulphide-forming thermal springs were revealed, and the variations of defectiveness in carbonates were follo wed. New criteria for the mapping of sulfide-bearing paleohydrothermal fields were proposed.