We have determined the kinetic response of an evanescent wave optical
fibre immunosensor and its absolute sensitivity. Using both kinetic me
thods and optical determinations of bound antigen, we infer that there
are 2.4 x 10(11) active antibodies per cm(2) probe area. We estimate
that 75% of the active antibodies are in the bivalent form, with both
binding sites capable of binding antigen. Using the kinetic data and o
ptical measurements of the number of antigens bound to the fibre, we e
stimate that the unstirred dead layer thickness next to the fibre surf
ace in the stirred solution, across which the antigens must diffuse, i
s 55 mu m. Approximately 10(9) FITC labelled antigens are necessary to
achieve a threshold signal, defined as 1% of the signal obtained when
the fibre is saturated with antigen.