A case of thyroiditis due to Brucella Melitensis is reported. Brucello
sis anticipated by about two months the onset of the characteristic sy
mptoms of acute thyroiditis. Cultures of specimens obtained by fine ne
edle aspiration biopsy and microbiological investigations allowed isol
ation and identification of the germ, This observation allowed the rec
ognition that thyroid gland might harbored secondary localization of a
prolonged brucellosis. A microbiological study (the protocol of which
is proposed) of specimen obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy sh
ould be performed in the presence of symptoms and signs of an inflamma
tory process associated to an acute swelling of the thyroid gland.