THE 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN PI-CLASS GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE P1-1 IN COMPLEX WITH THE INHIBITOR ETHACRYNIC-ACID AND ITS GLUTATHIONE

The potent diuretic drug ethacrynic acid has been tested in clinical t rials as an adjuvant in chemotherapy. Its target is the detoxifying en zyme glutathione transferase which is often found overexpressed in can cer tissues. We have solved the crystal structures of human pi class g lutathione transferase P1-1 in complex with the inhibitor ethacrynic a cid and its glutathione conjugate. Ethacrynic acid is found to bind in a nonproductive mode to one of the ligand binding sites of the enzyme (the H site) while the glutathione binding site (G site) is occupied by solvent molecules. There are no structural rearrangements of the G site in the absence of ligand. The structure indicates that bound glut athione is required for ethacrynic acid to dock into the H site in a p roductive binding mode. The binding of the ethacrynic acid-glutathione conjugate shows that the contacts of the glutathione moiety with the protein are identical to those observed in crystal structures of the e nzyme with other glutathione-based substrates and inhibitors. The etha crynic acid moiety of the conjugate binds in the H site in a fashion t hat has not been observed in crystal structures of other glutathione-b ased inhibitor complexes. The crystal structures implicate Tyr 108 as an electrophilic participant in the Michael addition of glutathione to ethacrynic acid.