THE PUPAE OF THE CENTRAL-EUROPEAN CALOPTILIA (LEPIDOPTERA, GRACILLARIIDAE)

The pupae of twelve species of the genus Caloptilia distributed in cen tral Europe are described, figured and keyed. Notes on their bionomics are provided. The classification of the genus is discussed. The exter nal pupal characters divide Caloptilia species into the following grou ps: (1) C. cuculipennella (Hubner, 1796); (2) C. populetorum (Zeller, 1839), C. elongella (L., 1761), C. roscipennella (Hubner, 1796), C. be tulicola (M. Hering, 1928) and C. fidella (Reutti, 1852); (3) C. rufip ennella (Hubner, 1796), C. fribergensis (Fritzsche, 1871), C. stigmate lla (F., 1781), C. hemidactylella (Denis and Schiffermuller, 1775), C. robustella Jackh, 1972 and C. alchimiella (Scopoli, 1763). The result s support separation of the genera Caloptilia and Gracillaria.