The Preci School was not as well known as those of Salerno and Montpel
lier, and its members were often confused with quack doctors from near
by Cerretani who begged for alms for medical and religious foundations
as a profession. The Preci School surgeons performed lithotomy, phleb
otomy and castration, designing and making their own instruments, whic
h were well ahead of their time and used by other surgeons only centur
ies later. Lithotrity was commonly employed using such tools, before i
t was known elsewhere. They practised cauterization and disinfection b
y fire. The Preci School was also familiar with differential diagnosis
and uroscopy, which were essential before treating stone disease. The
school came to an end after 1751, when a Papal edict declared that on
ly surgeons with a degree could remove stones.