The long-term sustainable management of our forests may be most attain
able when we determine their original, natural conditions. ''Ecosystem
management'' is guided by information on spatial variability of fores
t landscape patterns over time and how human influence has affected th
at variability. Such information is critical for developing timber-har
vest plans, maintaining biodiversity, and designing future landscapes.
Ecosystem management plans can be developed to maintain and/or create
forest landscape patterns within the range of those that existed befo
re European settlement.