A. Crisinel et al., CYST-BASED ECOTOXICOLOGICAL TESTS USING ANOSTRACANS - COMPARISON OF 2SPECIES OF STREPTOCEPHALUS, Environmental toxicology and water quality, 9(4), 1994, pp. 317-326
Cyst-based ecotoxicological tests are simple and low-cost methods for
assessing acute toxicity. Nevertheless, only a few comparative studies
on their sensitivity are known. In the present study, the suitability
of the use of two freshwater Anostracan species, Streptocephalus rubr
icaudatus and S. texanus, was assessed. The impact of 16 priority poll
utants (4 heavy metals, 11 organic, and 1 organometallic compounds) on
these two species, as well as on Artemia salina (Artoxkit M), Daphnia
magna (International Organization for Standardization 6341), and S. p
roboscideus (Streptoxkit F) was assessed. For indicative comparison, b
ioassays using Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotoxkit F) and Photobacterium
phosphoreum (Microtox) were also performed. For heavy metals (K2Cr2O7
, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+), the sensitivity of the two studied Streptocephalu
s species was slightly higher than that of D. magna. It was significan
tly more elevated than for the marine A. salina. For organic and organ
ometallic micropollutants [phenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophen
ol (PCP), hydroquinone, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl
sulfate, tributylphosphate, dimethylphthalate, atrazine, lindane, mala
thion, tributyltin chloride (TBT-Cl)], the sensitivity of the 4 anostr
acan species was of the same order of magnitude as that of D. magna. A
rtemia salina was slightly less sensitive to some organic compounds (P
CP, hydroquinone, TBT-Cl). The sensitivity of S. rubricaudatus to orga
nic solvents was low. On the other hand, this anostracan was quite sen
sitive to NaCl. Thus, its use is restricted to freshwater samples. The
evaluation of global practicability of these two tests confirms that
cyst-based freshwater anostracans may be used to perform low-cost test
s at a sensitivity comparable to that of D. magna (24 h immobilization
test). (C) 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.