C. Dafonseca et al., A CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM ANODIC OXIDES BY X-RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY AND GRAZING X-RAY-DIFFRACTION, Journal of electroanalytical chemistry [1992], 388(1-2), 1995, pp. 115-122
Thin oxide layers obtained by electrochemical oxidation of titanium we
re studied using grazing X-ray diffraction (GXRD) and X-ray absorption
spectroscopy (XAS). In the precursor state the layers, with thickness
es ranging from 15 to 105 nm, appeared to be amorphous by GXRD whereas
a short-range order is detected via XAS with a first O shell and a se
cond Ti shell, rather similar to those of crystallized anatase. Subseq
uent treatments of the layers such as aging under polarization or ther
mal annealing led to ordering on a larger scale and to crystallization
in the anatase form.