A. Barenco, A UNIVERSAL 2-BIT GATE FOR QUANTUM COMPUTATION, Proceedings - Royal Society. Mathematical and physical sciences, 449(1937), 1995, pp. 679-683
We prove the existence of a class of two-input, two-output gates any o
ne of which is universal for quantum computation. This is done by expl
icitly constructing the three-bit gate introduced by Deutsch (Proc. R.
Soc. Lond. A 425, 73 (1989)) as a network consisting of replicas of a
single two-bit gate.