This paper argues that the application of health economics to the eval
uation of health promotion strategies provides an example of the appli
cation of a modernist framework to an inherently late modern practice.
The hegemony of health economics is explained in terms of the organiz
ational need for 'ontological security' that the rhetoric of rationali
ty provides in an era of inherent change and disorder. In the light of
this argument the paper examines the most developed framework for eva
luating the cost-effectiveness of health promotion.