Am. Bruckstein et An. Netravali, ORE DIFFERENTIAL INVARIANTS OF PLANAR CURVES AND RECOGNIZING PARTIALLY OCCLUDED PLANAR SHAPES, Annals of mathematics and artificial intelligence, 13(3-4), 1995, pp. 227-250
Viewing transformations like similarity, affine and projective maps ma
y distort planar shapes considerably. However, it is possible to assoc
iate local invariant signature functions to smooth boundaries that ena
ble recognition of distorted shapes even in the case of partial occlus
ion. The derivation of signature functions, generalizing the intrinsic
curvature versus are-length representation in the case of rigid motio
ns in the plane, is based on differential invariants associated to vie
wing transformation.