Techniques of peripheral nerve repair are based on our understanding o
f neural regeneration. The basic tenets of nerve repair, including ten
sion-free repairs using microsurgical technique, continue to hold true
. Neural conduits and allografts are showing promise for individuals w
ho have insufficient donor tissue. Advances in our understanding of ne
rve degeneration and regeneration at the molecular level may soon lead
to enhancements in regeneration rate, specificity, and completeness.