M. Kawka et A. Makinouchi, SHELL-ELEMENT FORMULATION IN THE STATIC EXPLICIT FEM CODE FOR THE SIMULATION OF SHEET STAMPING, Journal of materials processing technology, 50(1-4), 1995, pp. 105-115
In this paper a formulation of degenerated shell elements implemented
in the static explicit FEM code ITAS3D is described. The main features
of various integration rules are discussed. A square-cup test is used
to select the most efficient element for the simulation of stamping p
rocesses. A numerical example of FEM simulation of an outer-door-panel
stamping is presented.