DEPTH PROFILES OF EFFECTIVE VISCOSITIES OF TEMPERATURE FIRN FOLLOWINGFROM STRAIN-RATE MEASUREMENTS AT 2 FIRN PITS (KESSELWANDFERNER, OETZTAL ALPS, 1967-1989)

From strain rate measurements at two firn pits, the effective shear vi scosity and the effective bulk viscosity for temperate firn of high de nsity were calculated, depending upon the depth and the in-situ state of stress. At densities from 640 to 840 (kg/m3) the effective shear vi scosity increases from 0.2 x 10(10) to 1.5 x 10(10) (kPa s) and the ef fective bulk viscosity from 4.4 x 10(10) to 65.1 x 10(10) (kPa s). Fro m these viscosities, the effective compactive viscosity and the effect ive uniaxial viscosity were calculated and compared with the values of other types of snow.