DEPTH PROFILES OF EFFECTIVE VISCOSITIES OF TEMPERATURE FIRN FOLLOWINGFROM STRAIN-RATE MEASUREMENTS AT 2 FIRN PITS (KESSELWANDFERNER, OETZTAL ALPS, 1967-1989)
W. Ambach et al., DEPTH PROFILES OF EFFECTIVE VISCOSITIES OF TEMPERATURE FIRN FOLLOWINGFROM STRAIN-RATE MEASUREMENTS AT 2 FIRN PITS (KESSELWANDFERNER, OETZTAL ALPS, 1967-1989), Cold regions science and technology, 23(3), 1995, pp. 257-264
From strain rate measurements at two firn pits, the effective shear vi
scosity and the effective bulk viscosity for temperate firn of high de
nsity were calculated, depending upon the depth and the in-situ state
of stress. At densities from 640 to 840 (kg/m3) the effective shear vi
scosity increases from 0.2 x 10(10) to 1.5 x 10(10) (kPa s) and the ef
fective bulk viscosity from 4.4 x 10(10) to 65.1 x 10(10) (kPa s). Fro
m these viscosities, the effective compactive viscosity and the effect
ive uniaxial viscosity were calculated and compared with the values of
other types of snow.