THE EFFECT OF TRICLOSAN ON MEDIATORS OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION

Citation
A. Gaffar et al., THE EFFECT OF TRICLOSAN ON MEDIATORS OF GINGIVAL INFLAMMATION, Journal of clinical periodontology, 22(6), 1995, pp. 480-484
Citations number
19
Categorie Soggetti
Dentistry,Oral Surgery & Medicine
ISSN journal
03036979
Volume
22
Issue
6
Year of publication
1995
Pages
480 - 484
Database
ISI
SICI code
0303-6979(1995)22:6<480:TEOTOM>2.0.ZU;2-V
Abstract
Triclosan (2,4,4',trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenylether) is a well-known a nd widely used nonionic antibacterial agent which has recently been in troduced in toothpastes and mouthrinses. The efficacy of triclosan-con taining toothpaste and mouthrinse to reduce both plaque and gingivitis in long-term clinical trials has been well documented. Until recently , it was generally assumed that triclosan's effect on gingival inflamm ation was due to its antimicrobial and antiplaque effect. It has now b ecome apparent that triclosan may have a direct antiinflammatory effec t on the gingival tissues. Several in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of triclosan on 4 primary enzymes of the pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism, cyclo-oxygenase 1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, 5-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase. These pathways lead to the product ion of known mediators of inflammation such as the prostaglandins, leu kotrienes and lipoxins. Triclosan inhibited both cyclooxygenase 1 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 with IC-50 values of 43 mu M and 227 mu M, respectiv ely. Triclosan also inhibited 5-lipoxygenase with an IC-50 of 43 mu M. The 15-lipoxygenase was similarly inhibited by triclosan with an IC-5 0 of 61 mu M. Hence, triclosan has the ability to inhibit both the cyc looxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism w ith similar efficacy. In cell culture experiments, it was found that t riclosan inhibited IL-1 beta induced prostaglandin E(2) production by human gingival fibroblasts in a concentration dependent manner, and at relatively low concentrations. These data, taken together, indicate t hat triclosan can inhibit formation of several important mediators of gingival inflammation. The data further suggest that the necessary tri closan concentrations could probably be achieved in local tissues, suc h as the gingiva, from topical applications of triclosan-containing to othpaste and mouthrinse.