EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF BLUNT TESTICULAR TRAUMA

Objective: Severe blunt testicular trauma is an infrequently reported consequence of injury, yet it is associated with significant sequelae. This case series evaluates the characteristics of patients with sever e blunt testicular trauma, assesses the role of ultrasonography in the ir management, and offers an evaluation algorithm for use by both emer gency and urology personnel. Methods: A retrospective review was condu cted of ten patients who had severe blunt testicular injuries referred for urologic evaluation over a seven-year period at a level 1 trauma center. Attention was focused on ultrasonographic results, operative f indings, and testicular salvage rates. Results: With the exception of two motorcycle crash victims, patients presented in a delayed fashion (mean 3.5 days; range 1-5 days). Most (6/10) patients had true testicu lar rupture, all were explored urgently, and there was a 100% testicul ar salvage rate. Of the eight patients who had preoperative ultrasonog raphic examination, two were reported to show testicular rupture, but on exploration only one in fact had a tunica albuginea tear. Six patie nts had ultrasonographic examinations that revealed nonspecific abnorm alities but failed to show testicular rupture; three had testicular ru pture. Conclusions: Ultrasonography cannot be relied on to accurately diagnose rupture of the testis in high-risk patients. However, testicu lar rupture is universally associated with an abnormal ultrasonography scan, albeit commonly yielding nonspecific findings. A high level of suspicion is mandatory with high-energy transfer mechanisms. Since a s ignificant delay in presentation is not unusual, early exploration is warranted in the setting of high risk and provides an excellent chance of testicular salvage. Injuries associated with normal testicular ult rasonography may be managed conservatively.