Condensation of phenyl glyoxal with azetidin-2-ones (1a-c) gave the he
mi-aminals (2a-c). Subsequent conversions produced the 4-(formylthio)p
hosphoranes (4a-c) which gave on heating the 3-benzoylpenems (5a-c), f
ormed by intramolecular Wittig cyclisation. Thermal isomerisation of t
rans-6-substituted-3-benzoylpenems allowed the preparation of the cis-
6-substituted-3-benzoylpenems (7a-c). Using similar methodology the pe
nem amides (7d-e) were synthesised.