An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of the inclusion of
triticale (cv. Usgen 19) in the diets of pigs, on certain metabolism
and production parameters. Three diets were formulated on an iso-nutri
ent basis (approximately 13.9 MJ kg(-1) dry matter (DM) metabolizable
energy, 17.2% crude protein, 1.00% lysine, 0.69% methionine and cystin
e and 0.23% tryptophan on a DM basis) so that maize meal was substitut
ed by increasing levels of triticale meal (0%, 33% and 67%). In a meta
bolism and nitrogen (N) balance study with 18 SA Landrace x Great Whit
e boars, DM digestibility, apparent N digestibility, digestible energy
(DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents were largely independent
of the substitution of maize by triticale. Apparent N retention tended
(P less than or equal to 0.09) to be better on the triticale-containi
ng diets. The diets were evaluated according to a 2 (sex) x 3 (diet) f
actorial arrangement of treatments in terms of dry matter intake (DMI)
, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), in a growt
h study with 13 SA Landrace x Large White pigs per diet. Mean (+/- SE)
initial live mass of the pigs was 23.4 +/- 0.3 kg. Pigs were fed ad l
ibitum. The experiment ended when the pigs were slaughtered at a live
mass of 90.6 +/- 0.2 kg, and carcass characteristics were determined.
Daily DMI of pigs decreased linearly (P less than or equal to 0.01) by
198 (SE(b)= 71) g day(-1) per unit substitution of maize by triticale
. Daily gain was similarly affected, with a corresponding linear (P le
ss than or equal to 0.01) decline of 95 (SE(b)= 34) g day(-1). The sub
stitution of maize with triticale up to 67% did not affect FCR signifi
cantly; the mean FCR was 2.72 kg DMI required per kg live mass gain. M
ean dressing percentage, eye muscle area or back fat thickness did not
differ significantly between diets (means of 80.5%, 38.8 cm(2) and 17
.6 mm), although pigs on the 100% maize diet tended (P less than or eq
ual to 0.07) to have thicker back fat than pigs on the triticale diets
. Efficiency was thus largely unaffected by the substitution of maize
by triticale. Triticale may therefore be used to substitute maize up t
o 67% provided that the lower DMI and resultant poorer growth rate is
taken into consideration.