Dr. Anderson et al., BIOCHEMICAL-ALTERATIONS IN RAT LUNG LAVAGE FLUID FOLLOWING ACUTE SULFUR MUSTARD INHALATION, Inhalation toxicology, 9(1), 1997, pp. 43-51
Although sulfur mustard (HD) is well known for its skin vesicating pro
perties, most of the mortality associated with HD is due to pulmonary
damage and associated infections. We have employed an in vivo HD vapor
exposure model followed by bronchoalveolar lavage to provide biochemi
cal evidence of HD-induced lung injury. Anesthetized rats were intratr
acheally intubated and exposed to 0.35 mg HD in 0.1 ml ethanol or etha
nol alone for 50 min. At 1, 4, or 24 h postexposure, rats were euthani
zed, and the lungs were lavaged with saline (37 degrees C). The result
ing lavage fluid was centrifuged, and the supernatant was assayed on a
Cobas FARA clinical analyzer for changes in lactate dehydrogenase (in
dicator of cytotoxicity), gamma-glutamyltransferase (bronchial epithel
ial damage), and total protein. Results showed a significant increase
in lactate dehydrogenase and gamma glutamyltransferase at each of the
time points examined. Total protein levels were significantly elevated
at 4 and 24 h. The identification of biochemical parameters providing
the earliest indications of pulmonary injury, coupled with a descript
ion df early pathologic changes, may contribute to an understanding of
HD-induced lung injury and to the subsequent development of a potenti
al therapeutic intervention.