Biological response modifiers (BRMs) of current clinical interest may
be divided into two categories: immunomodulating agents and colony sti
mulating factors (CSFs). The first are employed to potentiate the host
defences towards the tumor but results have proved disappointing in n
on-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With regard to the second, the real
dose increment which may be ascribed to CSFs is not sufficient to ove
rcome chemoresistance of NSCLCs. CSFs can, however, reduce the hematol
ogic toxicity of chemotherapy, which represents the most significant r
esult.