P. Czerney et al., MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF CYANINE-TYPE FLUORESCENT AND LASER-DYES, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry, 89(1), 1995, pp. 31-36
The absorption and emission characteristics of several bis(dialkylamin
o)benzopyrylium dyes are compared, and their very different fluorescen
ce quantum yields are correlated with the calculated energies of the l
owest excited states of twisted cyanine dyes. The latter are models fo
r selectively bridged compounds.The laser performance of the dyes is d
escribed and compared with well-known laser dyes. The 4-(2-carboxyphen
yl)-substituted pyrylium salts are considerably more stable than the u
nsubstituted compounds.