F. Caccavale et al., ANALYSIS OF TI-LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES USING SECONDARY-ION MASS-SPECTROMETRY AND NEAR-FIELD METHOD, Electronics Letters, 31(13), 1995, pp. 1054-1056
Secondary ion mass spectrometry and the propagating-mode near-field me
thod have been used to determine the Ti concentration and refractive i
ndex profiles, respectively, of Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides. The nonl
inear relationship between index change and dopant concentration is de
termined.