MACROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF MAMMARY-GLANDS AND TEATS OF JAPANESE SEROWS, CAPRICORNIS-CRISPUS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PAST GESTATION

Mammary glands and teats were examined to estimate the reproductive hi story of Japanese serows. The presence of milk was an indicator of rep roduction in the previous year. The thickness of the mammary glands is indicative of their function. The females whose mammary glands are mo re than 10 mm thick may be regarded as having delivered half a year be fore. The distance between teats is not always indicative of the funct ion of the mammary glands. Animals with teats 10 mm or less in length and those with teats longer than 10 mm may be judged to be nulliparous and multiparous, respectively.