COMBINED ESTROGEN AND PROGESTIN HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN RELATION TO RISK OF BREAST-CANCER IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN

Objective.-To determine the risk of breast cancer in relation to the u se of combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT ). Design.-A population-based case-control study. Setting.-The general female population of King County in western Washington State. Partici pants.-Middle-aged (50 to 64 years) women, including 537 patients with incident primary breast cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990, who were ascertained through the Seattle-Puget Sound S urveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and 492 ran domly selected control women without a history of breast cancer. Main Outcome Measure,-Breast cancer risk in relation to use of menopausal h ormones. Results.-Menopausal hormones of some type had been used by 57 .6% of breast cancer cases and 61.0% of comparison women. The women wh o had ever taken combined estrogen-progestin HRT, representing 21.5% o f cases and 21.3% of controls, were not at increased risk of breast ca ncer (relative odds [RO]=0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 1.3 ). Compared with nonusers of menopausal hormones, those who used estro gen-progestin HRT for 8 or more years had, if anything, a reduced risk of breast cancer (RO=0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.0). Conclusions.-On the wh ole, the use of estrogen with progestin HRT does not appear to be asso ciated with an increased risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. N onetheless, since the use of combined estrogen-progestin HRT has only recently become prevalent, future investigations must assess whether b reast cancer incidence is altered many years after estrogen-progestin HRT has been initiated, particularly among long-term users.