The mortality rate in a one-year cohort of children with child welfare
status in Alberta, Canada, was found to be significantly elevated. Sp
ecifically, neglected and abused children were apt to have died violen
tly, while handicapped children were more likely to have died because
of disease of infirmity. The proportion of children dying while in car
e did not differ from the proportion who died after leaving care. Deat
h rates were elevated only for age-categories surrounding the point (1
8 years) at which child welfare support was withdrawn.