The aim of this review is to focus and discuss several parallel biolog
ical functions of hemoglobin besides its basic function of oxygen tran
sport. In light of the information present in the literature the follo
wing possible physiological roles of hemoglobin are discussed: (1) hem
oglobin as molecular heat transducer through its oxygenation-deoxygena
tion cycle, (2) hemoglobin as modulator of erythrocyte metabolism, (3)
hemoglobin oxidation as an onset of erythrocyte senescence, (4) hemog
lobin and its implication in genetic resistance to malaria, (5) enzyma
tic activities of hemoglobin and interactions with drugs, and (6) hemo
globin as source of physiological active catabolites.