B. Sikstrom et al., SMOKING, ALCOHOL, SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AND DRUG-USE IN WOMEN WITH CERVICALHUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION, Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 256(3), 1995, pp. 131-137
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine if smoking is associa
ted with cervical human papillomavirus infection (CHPI) independent of
sexual risk factors. Setting: Two family planning clinics and one you
th clinic in Sweden. Subjects: Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was foun
d in cervical samples of 66 (6.8%) of 972 women attending for contrace
ptive advice, using Southern blot tests. Results: Among women with cer
vical human papillomavirus infection (CHPI), 33 (50%) were smokers, as
compared to 307 (33.9%) among a comparison group of HPV-negative wome
n (odds ratio = 2.0, 95 % CI= 1.2-3.2). After stepwise adjustment for
number of lifetime partners, number of partners last six months, age a
t first intercourse, alcohol use, drug abuse and history of or current
sexually transmitted disease other than CHPI, the odds ratio decrease
d to 1.4 (95% CI=0.8-2.4). Recent use of alcohol and ever use of narco
tics were also significantly correlated to CHPI in crude analyses, but
vanished in multifactorial analyses after adjustment for the mentione
d sexual risk behavioral factors. Conclusions: The results of this stu
dy indicate that smoking, alcohol and drug abuse are risk markers, but
not causal factors, for CHPI.