ASPECTS OF FRONTAL-SINUS SURGERY .2. EXTE RNAL FRONTAL-SINUS SURGERY - OSTEOPLASTIC PROCEDURE

Most inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus requiring surgery can now be managed successfully by endonasal procedures. There remain, how ever, a number of problematic cases in which optimal exposure of the e ntire frontal sinus is required with possible complete removal of the mucous membrane and sinus obliteration. These remain indications for o steoplastic frontal sinus surgery Depending on the individual situatio n, incisions can be chosen that are bicoronal, placed in a frontal cre ase or positioned below the eyebrow. Surgical techniques are described in detail. Osteoplastic surgery of the frontal sinus with fat obliter ation is a reliable and safe method, particularly for management of so -called ''difficult'' frontal sinuses.