M. Robnik, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ENERGY-LEVEL STATISTICS IN GENERIC SYSTEMSBETWEEN INTEGRABILITY AND CHAOS, Chaos, solitons and fractals, 5(7), 1995, pp. 1195-1218
There are three universality classes of spectral fluctuations of the q
uantal Hamiltonian systems (with a small number of freedoms, say two o
r more). In classically integrable quantal systems Poisson statistics
apply, whilst in classically ergodic systems the random matrix theory
applies: GOE if there is an antiunitary symmetry, and GUE if there is
no antiunitary symmetry (such as the time reversal symmetry). We prese
nt recent numerical results in support of this conjecture, and also di
scuss the theoretical arguments. In particular, we raise the question
of the adequacy and accuracy of the semiclassical approximations such
as the torus quantization (EBK) and the Gutzwiller theory. The main bo
dy of the paper is devoted to the energy level statistics of the gener
ic systems in the transition region between integrability and chaos (K
AM-systems with mixed dynamics in the classical phase-space). We discu
ss the applicability of the semiclassical theory (Berry-Robnik formula
e for the level spacing distribution), and show that it applies at lar
ge spacings in the near semiclassical limit, and is certainly expected
to apply for all spacings in the far (= strict) semiclassical limit.
In the near semiclassical limit and at small spacings we present relia
ble and statistically significant evidence for the existence of the qu
asi-universal fractional power law level repulsion, implying surprisin
gly good analytical fit by the Brody (and Izrailev) distribution. We d
iscuss possible theoretical approaches such as sparse banded random ma
trix ensembles (SBRME), the Dyson-Pechukas-Yukawa picture, and new ide
as related to the localization of stationary states (in terms of Wigne
r functions within the classically invariant ergodic components).