This report describes the case of a male patient with progressive dysp
hagia, epigastric pain, odynophagia. generalized weakness and a mid-oe
sophagus ulceration in which biopsies showed acid-fast bacilli and his
tological evidence of tuberculosis. Culture of the biopsies and the sp
utum revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis. There were no respiratory sy
mptoms, and radiographs did not reveal evidence of pulmonary tuberculo
sis. The patient responded well to antituberculous therapy and he is a
live and well 7 years later, without any signs of relapse. The involve
ment of the oesophagus as the only demonstrable localization of tuberc
ulosis is an extremely rare condition, which should always be consider
ed as differential diagnosis in dyspepsia of unknown origin.