M. Lehtonen, METHOD FOR DISTANCE ESTIMATION OF SINGLE-PHASE-TO-GROUND FAULTS IN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH AN ISOLATED OR COMPENSATED NEUTRAL, European transactions on electrical power engineering, 5(3), 1995, pp. 193-198
The paper discusses how current and voltage measurements derived from
the substation can be used for single-phase-to-ground fault location i
n medium-voltage distribution lines. The networks considered are assum
ed to be radially operated with either an isolated or compensated neut
ral. In these networks the fundamental frequency ground fault currents
usually are so small that no reasonable fault-distance estimate can b
e based on them. A possible solution is the utilisation of ground-faul
t initial transients. In this paper a method for ground-fault distance
estimation, based on the least squares estimation of transient parame
ters, is presented.