Gj. Somjen et al., BEHAVIOR OF CHOLESTEROL AND SPIN-LABELED CHOLESTANE IN MODEL BILE SYSTEMS STUDIED BY ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY, Biophysical journal, 68(6), 1995, pp. 2342-2349
The behavior of mixed bile salt micelles consisting of sodium taurocho
late, egg phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol has been studied by ESR
spin labeling and synchrotron x-ray scattering. Consistent with publi
shed phase diagrams, pure and mixed bile salt micelles have a limited
capacity to incorporate and, hence, solubilize cholesterol. Excess cho
lesterol crystallizes out, a process that is readily detected both by
ESR spin labeling using 3-doxyl-5 alpha-cholestane as a probe for chol
esterol and synchrotron x-ray scattering, Both methods yield entirely
consistent results. The crystallization of cholesterol from mixed bile
salt micelles is indicated by the appearance of a magnetically dilute
powder spectrum that is readily detected by Visual inspection of the
ESR spectra. Both the absence of Heissenberg spin exchange and the obs
ervation of a magnetically dilute powder spectrum provide evidence for
the spin label co-crystallizing with cholesterol. In mixed bile salt
micelles containing egg phosphatidylcholine, the solubility of cholest
erol is increased as detected by both methods. With increasing content
of phosphatidylcholine and increasing mole ratio cholesterol/phosphat
idylcholine, the anisotropy of motion of the spin probe increases, The
spin label 3-doxyl-5 alpha-cholestane is a useful substitute for chol
esterol provided that it is used in dilute mixtures with excess choles
terol: the cholesterol/spin label mole ratio in these mixtures should
be greater than 100. Despite the structural similarity between the two
compounds, there are still significant differences in their physico-c
hemical properties. These differences come to the fore when cholestero
l is totally replaced by the spin-label: 3-doxyl-5 alpha-cholestane is
significantly less soluble in bile salt and mixed bile salt micelles
than cholesterol and, in contrast with cholesterol, it interacts only
very weakly, if at all, with phosphatidylcholine. The potential of the
ESR method for detecting cholesterol crystal growth in human bile is
discussed.