HORMONAL-REGULATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF MACROPHAGE-COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR AND TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA BY HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL STROMAL CELLS IN CULTURE

The effects of gonadal steroids on the secretion and gene expression o f macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and on the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 by human endom etrial stromal cells (ESCs) were examined by an in vitro system of ESC differentiation (decidualization). M-CSF production by ESCs was dose- dependently enhanced by the addition of progesterone or testosterone, while estradiol treatment had no effect. TGF-beta 2 secretion by ESCs was inhibited by progesterone, estradiol and testosterone treatment, a nd on the contrary, slight enhancement by estradiol was observed in TG F-beta 1 secretion. These findings indicate that human ESCs produce cy tokines of M-CSF and TGF-beta s, which are important for the growth an d differentiation of the peri-implantation embryo as well as local imm une cells under direct control of gonadal steroidal actions, and sugge st a novel network between endocrine and immune systems in the human e ndometrium.