H.-P. Koepchen's presence at this symposium on cardiocirculatory funct
ion during sleep would have given us an inspiring impetus. His death h
as meant a severe loss for all of us. Koepchen's integrated view on ca
rdiorespiratory control and rhythmicity has been the content of his la
te work. His considerations as documented in various papers are used f
or this contribution. They are based on earlier experimental studies o
f spontaneous coordinations of rhythmic activities in anaesthetized do
gs, conscious men, and microelectrode recordings and local cooling exp
eriments in the brain stem of anaesthetized dogs and cats, which he ha
d worked on together with his students.