S. Espagnet et al., ALTERATION OF CA2-URCHIN EMBRYOS BY RETINOID CD-367, DUAL EFFECT ON EGG CLEAVAGE AND EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT( HOMEOSTASIS OF SEA), Journal of biochemical toxicology, 10(3), 1995, pp. 161-169
The effect of a light stable retinoid (CD 367) was studied on sea urch
in embryos. CD 367 did not affect sperm-egg interaction. In a range of
concentrations between 10 and 100 mu M, CD 367 delayed the first and
the second cleavages. When added after fertilization, micromolar amoun
ts of CD 367 delayed hatching and produced embryonic abnormalities in
a dose-dependent manner. Mesodermal cells, primary (PMC) and secondary
(SMC) mesenchyme cells migration was particularly disturbed, leading
to exogastrulations and calcified spicules malformations. Concentratio
ns of CD 367 higher than 8 mu M were embryolethal, Micromolar amount o
f CD 367 increased plasmalemma Ca2+ permeability of fertilized eggs bu
t not of unfertilized eggs. CD 367 inhibited ATP-dependent intracellul
ar sequestration of Ca2+ in a range of concentrations similar to those
affecting egg cleavage and embryonic structures. Since we were unable
to detect nuclear receptors for CD 367 in sea urchin eggs and ovocyte
s, these effects probably are not related to interaction of the retino
id with members of the RAR family, to which CD 367 has a high affinity
, but rather to its toxicity by the means of some unknown mechanisms.