knowledge-based systems are a special class of computer programs that
purport to pet-form, or to assist humans in performing, specified inte
llectual tasks. This paper describes how knowledge-based programs are
special; that is, how they differ from other computer programs. A stru
cture for understanding the use of knowledge-based programs in enginee
ring design is presented, together with an example. The role of knowle
dge-based systems in design research is discussed.