The capability of mathematical optimization to support the mechanical
design process is finally reaching wide recognition, as evidenced by s
ignificant applications in industry. The article reviews key issues an
d challenges for design optimization theorists and practitioners. Larg
e scale system design and topology or configuration design are identif
ied as the most important areas of future design optimization research
. Some new approaches for partitioning large design problems and for t
opology optimization of multi-component structural systems are introdu
ced.