DANGLING - A REVIEW OF RELEVANT PHYSIOLOGY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE

Although dangling is a common nursing intervention, little research ha s been conducted to test its effectiveness or to compare various dangl ing methods. By contrast, abundant information is available about orth ostatic responses. In this article the authors explain the physiologic principles underlying orthostatic responses, focusing on blood volume distribution and the role of the mechanoreceptors, discuss typical an d atypical responses to dangling and standing, describe clinical manif estations of orthostatic hypotension and syncope, present research-bas ed practice guidelines, and, provide specific recommendations for futu re research. Because of the wide variability in heart rate and blood p ressure responses to orthostasis, the authors stress the importance of signs and symptoms such as nausea, pallor, dizziness, visual dimming, and impaired conciousness in assessing orthostatic tolerance. Studyin g rituals such as dangling can advance nursing practice, improve patie nt outcomes, and move nursing to a research-based practice.