Bn. Jiang et al., LEAST-SQUARES FINITE-ELEMENT SOLUTIONS FOR 3-DIMENSIONAL BACKWARD-FACING STEP FLOW, International journal of computational fluid dynamics, 4(1-2), 1995, pp. 1-19
Comprehensive numerical solutions of the steady state incompressible v
iscous flow over a three-dimensional backward-facing step up to Re = 8
00 are presented. The results are obtained by the least-squares finit
e element method (LSFEM) which is based on the velocity-pressure-vorti
city formulation. The computed model is of the same size as that of Ar
maly's experiment. Three-dimensional phenomena are observed even at lo
w Reynolds number. The calculated values of the primary reattachment l
ength are in good agreement with experimental results.