A 21-year-old woman with a family history of von Hippel-Lindau disease
presented with a mass in the head of the pancreas. Light microscopic
features of the tumour suggested neuroendocrine differentiation and al
though it displayed positive immunostaining for the antigens expected
in a neuroendocrine neoplasm, S-100 staining was also present. This un
usual feature prompted further evaluation by routine and post-embeddin
g protein-A gold immunoelectron microscopy, which demonstrated the pre
sence of neuroendocrine granules. Tumour cell DNA content was normal b
y flow cytometry. Although this patient exhibited no other signs of vo
n Hippel-Lindau disease, the presence of a pancreatic tumour with neur
oendocrine differentiation demonstrated that she was affected. Future
surveillance and genetic counselling will be influenced by this diagno
sis.