ROLE OF BIOSURFACTANT AND ION CHANNEL-FORMING ACTIVITIES OF SYRINGOMYCIN IN TRANSMEMBRANE ION FLUX - A MODEL FOR THE MECHANISM OF ACTION INTHE PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTION
Ml. Hutchison et al., ROLE OF BIOSURFACTANT AND ION CHANNEL-FORMING ACTIVITIES OF SYRINGOMYCIN IN TRANSMEMBRANE ION FLUX - A MODEL FOR THE MECHANISM OF ACTION INTHE PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTION, Molecular plant-microbe interactions, 8(4), 1995, pp. 610-620
Syringomycin is a necrosis-inducing lipopeptide toxin synthesized and
secreted by the phytopathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv, syringae, Alth
ough small quantities of syringomycin are known to activate a cascade
of physiological events in plasma membranes, the mechanism of action o
f the phytotoxin has never been fully characterized. The objective of
this study was to test the hypothesis that the primary mode of action
of syringomycin is to form transmembrane pores that are permeable to c
ations. Accordingly, direct measurement of ion fluxes were performed u
sing artificial bilayers. The hemolytic properties and surface activit
y of HPLC-purified syringomycin were quantified by use of an erythrocy
te lysis assay and by the drop weight method, Assays were performed us
ing syringomycin form SRE alone or a mixture containing all forms of t
he phytotoxin, At a threshold concentration of 500 ng/ml, syringomycin
induced hemolysis by forming ion channels in membranes, Osmotic prote
ction studies indicated a channel radius of between 0.6 and 1 nm, The
ion channel-forming activity was insensitive and permeable to both mon
ovalent and divalent cations, suggesting that syringomycin causes lysi
s of erythrocytes by colloid osmotic lysis, In addition, syringomycin,
like other lipopeptide antibiotics, is a potent biosurfactant capable
of lowering the interfacial tension of water to 31 mN/m. The critical
micellar concentration of syringomycin was calculated to be 1.25 mg/m
l and the gamma(CMC) was 33 mN/m. A model is presented depicting the m
echanism-of action of syringomycin in the plant-pathogen interaction,
The model integrates known effects of the toxin on ion flux in plasma
membranes with formation of ion channels and the consequential cascade
of effects associated with cellular signalling.