TREMATODE MYOGLOBINS, FUNCTIONAL MOLECULES WITH A DISTAL TYROSINE

The myoglobins of two trematodes, Paramphistomum epiclitum and Isoparo rchis hypselobagri, were isolated to homogeneity. The native molecules are monomeric with M(r) 16,000-17,000 and pI 6.5-7.5. In each species , at least four different globin isoforms occur. Primary structure was determined at the protein level. The globin chains contain 147 amino acid residues. Although major determinants of the globin fold are cons erved, characteristic substitutions are present. A Tyr residue occurs at the helical positions B10 and E7 (distal position). This is confirm ed by MMR measurements (Zhang, W., Rashid, K. A., Haque, M., Siddiqi, A. H., Vinogradov, S. N., Moens, L. & La Mar, G. N. (1997) J. Biol. Ch em. 272, 3000-3006). A distal Tyr normally provokes oxidation of the i ron atom and the inability to bind oxygen, whereas a Tyr-B10 is indica tive for a high oxygen affinity. In contrast, trematode myoglobins are functional molecules with a high oxygen affinity. Molecular modeling predicts two possible positions for the aromatic ring of Tyr-E7: one b eing outside the heme pocket making it freely accessible to the ligand and one within the heme pocket potentially able to form a second hydr ogen bond with the iron-bound oxygen. A hydrogen bond between Tyr-B10 and the bound oxygen as in the Ascaris hemoglobin is predicted as well . The predicted structure may explain the high oxygen affinity of the trematode myoglobins.