D. Swick et Rt. Knight, EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS DIFFERENTIATE THE EFFECTS OF AGING ON WORD AND NONWORD REPETITION IN EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEMORY TASKS, Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 23(1), 1997, pp. 123-142
Explicit memory declines with age while implicit memory remains largel
y intact. These experiments extended behavioral findings by recording
event-related potentials (ERPs) in young and elderly adults during rep
etition priming and recognition memory paradigms. Words and pronouncea
ble nonwords repeated after 1 of 3 delays. Stimuli were categorized as
either word-nonword or old-new. Repeated items elicited more positive
-going potentials in both tasks. Hemispheric asymmetries for word and
nonword processing were observed during lexical decision: Repetition e
ffects were larger over the left hemisphere for words and over the rig
ht hemisphere for nonwords. For the young, ERP repetition effects were
larger during recognition memory. For old adults, conversely, repetit
ion produced more positive-going waveforms during lexical decision. Th
e elderly had ERP and behavioral deficits at long recognition delays.
ERP repetition effects in the elderly, like behavioral performance, we
re preserved in an implicit task but impaired in an explicit memory ta
sk.