The optical and electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 ele
ctrodes in acidic aqueous solution are reported. Cyclic voltammetry, U
V/vis/NIR attenuance, EPR, photocurrent spectroscopy, and electrochemi
cal impedance measurements are presented. At negative applied potentia
ls the TiO2 films turn black, and an EPR spectrum appears which we att
ribute to Ti(III) species. The results are described in terms of a mod
el in which the reduction of TiO2 leads to band edge unpinning.