IMMIGRATION REFORM - THE EFFECTS OF EMPLOYER SANCTIONS AND LEGALIZATION ON WAGES

The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) represents an at tempt to use labor market regulation to control illegal migration into the United States by imposing fines on employers who hire unauthorize d workers. Sanctions lower wages directly because they act as a tax on hiring additional workers. In addition, IRCA legalized many longtime illegal aliens. Legalization affects wages by changing the relative su pply of authorized and unauthorized workers, This study estimates IRCA 's impact on wages of manufacturing production workers in metropolitan areas and finds small but statistically significant effects: sanction s lower wages, while legalization raises them.