We compared the results of cytologic screening of 500 women in the Sto
ckholm Gynecologic Health Control with human papillomavirus (HPV) dete
ction by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (IS
H). There were two main age groups, one 30 years and younger and the o
ther 40 years and older. There were relatively more women with HPV inf
ection in the younger group than in the older one (15.7% as compared t
o 11.1%), but the difference was not significant in our material. Most
cases (8/12) with cytologic atypia were HPV positive by PCR. HPV type
16 was most common, followed by types 31 and 18. HPV of unknown types
was detected in 43.7% of HPV-positive cases. There was excellent agre
ement between PCR and ISH in detecting and typing HPV.